SOCRATES: "And a thing is not seen because it is visible, but conversely, visible because it is seen; nor is a thing led because it is in the state of being led, or carried because it is in the state of being carried, but the converse of this. And now I think, Euthyphro, that my meaning will be intelligible; and my meaning is, that any state of action or passion implies previous action or passion. It does not become because it is becoming, but it is in a state of becoming because it becomes; neither does it suffer because it is in a state of suffering, but it is in a state of suffering because it suffers. Do you not agree?"
—Plato, Euthyphro, 10b-10c
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/83931111-8c86-4641-a9d0-61c81b86a798_rw_1920.jpg?h=1bafa311ec3a30bb85d9a5a0e250f4aa)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/00de7fbd-4471-4d23-b4e3-6810c672ee04_rw_1920.jpg?h=ef37cdf3291f0cde90e50b6485cfdbf2)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/f4e557a8-c562-42ad-bacf-cf22d041a06a_rw_1920.jpg?h=86737edddc5bf7f9f28cacda105163be)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/dea5db99-9c24-4886-9c4c-1e6376e2dae4_rw_1920.jpg?h=d88e59e23f5d4de2dbc0ce54073eff8f)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/4a51c094-ebb6-4502-a4ac-51316c3ae2cb_rw_1920.jpg?h=970d174a0a5d207f8923e0440f7c19d9)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/48a93a01-9430-43c2-b9cb-eccbdf20bfe6_rw_1920.jpg?h=4062725523efbe1934a5680de61f7929)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/417001b7-47de-45a5-8c71-cf5aeddfd447_rw_1920.jpg?h=14881ffcd1f1ffc9952da77bab7b70ca)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/0f18c3a2-a2ee-4f9c-8e9c-97959f151426_rw_1920.jpg?h=6a9d3813b81ba86f8d8c9b9a6fb40ac3)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/131d583c-f490-4f4b-a37a-20e416d512b5_rw_1920.jpg?h=b4788557f84e0aa678bf66cde0f62bb0)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/980e466b-2d22-47d3-8f70-ddf315fb095f_rw_1920.jpg?h=521036a19607005f752b78d8d338cc9a)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/f677accd-6eb4-4e06-8f78-1a7377810e63_rw_1920.jpg?h=79866f5362840573220eb55aee9fc295)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/ac239c23-8f17-40a6-9395-5daff4970cec_rw_1920.jpg?h=8dee56fe82636c4009e1e9cb15c79560)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/2527b3af-c273-43cc-bcb2-e639a1edc2ec_rw_1920.jpg?h=1753a1d0eb3e44f93a8e58490da69657)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/5af9f403-6364-49d8-b055-9586942c4da9_rw_1920.jpg?h=e5de2871c84dbe9723f3cdbf45cceb01)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/404534bf-dab8-4d75-ad81-99acf05e2b1c_rw_1920.jpg?h=f3a7943d368787ce098238a3bfb06ca3)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/4112bf77-0632-4070-81ea-821c3b559967_rw_1920.jpg?h=5447b719c604a29fc196c5ee8c37d9f7)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/42a4e2ca-bf48-49df-9224-a8b7cdb99144_rw_1920.jpg?h=522795c2afd188b15a4d2ca8446ff54b)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/87048c1f-fb99-4ec9-a265-28389dee8dba_rw_1920.jpg?h=e7078cfbe7cc3c573cdc44dd9706d7e0)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/aa7014a3-a14b-48b2-8c5d-670945e20185_rw_1920.jpg?h=15cf5408267ff56450dbd46d513a23e3)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/b13f9cce-b1b1-4da8-97de-878c0012722a_rw_1920.jpg?h=9555941cc6550ec7c3c221460f605ce6)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/2604f823-1e4d-4a1c-9ee6-da1c57e73dff_rw_1920.jpg?h=c6896b43e5ad4c95a78d69043c350744)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/448a1576-32f8-4c0d-93f1-bf154d045cb4_rw_1920.jpg?h=c39f5ada4ce7f2af36be7d9fb58f01d8)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/ad3246dd-11fb-43fe-b10e-bad5673b2b4c_rw_1920.jpg?h=2cee6e8180c0a9b0d89e78f7ccfe320c)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/76ba2260-1101-4624-9e7a-82744e72a386_rw_1920.jpg?h=fac1581dbba87d4a2ca9b63a07e89bdd)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/d5080262-c350-469a-a40c-1104d3a42323_rw_1920.jpg?h=ce4bc9e3c1e703a605079c7b779ee1cd)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/8e574a8e-93f3-4560-a083-97db4bbb0ed8_rw_1920.jpg?h=b0f5c9fa23952195d8ee6da2949298dd)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/64f5d427-3d18-4609-b83c-3b901179f84c_rw_1920.jpg?h=bf38d344e3162fc3ad83edeefe6363dd)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/47a751b6-6e15-47d6-809b-aa484d71b02f_rw_1920.jpg?h=0a25dedad965839d6b8b249ff4b2e245)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/24adafba-defb-4269-9936-719f1df1ff7d_rw_1920.jpg?h=6f900b02a0112970de1b01d53cdac64e)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/52fcb7d2-6960-41e1-90fb-ed9285797cae_rw_1920.jpg?h=ba90d44acac830f60d38623e72cddc69)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/e8c9d69c-19ee-41b5-aaa5-320cfd1610d3_rw_1920.jpg?h=65d1d33ce5c6271f6bcdf522bbeee4fa)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/b2b9640c-9663-42a6-8b71-b5a5c6ac97e8_rw_1920.jpg?h=2448648c09aedf3d4b1babe2166ee38f)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/8b71a281-6a13-408d-82cd-08208bf9012b_rw_1920.jpg?h=f1e5a1bc0d2f53906740cb6539391f98)
![](https://cdn.myportfolio.com/20ab2e02-6288-4179-b58a-8b795adc68a7/bdaf25fa-8d6b-4256-a1d8-aec02f2de3db_rw_1920.jpg?h=0a4b2ed99ced20e0daccccf1d63eac03)
Athens, 2022-2023